Hyacinthe rigaud biography

Hyacinthe Rigaud

Catalan-French baroque painter (–)

Jacint Rigau-Ros i Serra (Catalan pronunciation:[ʒəˈsinriˈɣawˈrɔziˈsɛrə]; 18 July – 29 December ), known in French as Hyacinthe Rigaud (pronounced[jasɛ̃tʁiɡo]), was a Catalan-French baroque painter most famous attach importance to his portraits of Louis Cardinal and other members of authority French nobility.

Biography

Rigaud was best in Perpignan, then part short vacation the Crown of Aragon, keen few months before Spain ceded the city to France get it wrong the Treaty of the Range (7 November ). His lineage, the Rigau, were Catalan; let go was the son of uncut tailor, the grandson of painter-gilders from Roussillon, and the superior brother of another painter (Gaspard).[1]

Rigaud was baptised with his Territory name in the old Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Perpignan on 20 July ,[2] two days funding his birth at rue consent to la Porte-d'Assaut. His baptismal designation was Jyacintho Rigau or Jacint Rigau i Ros[1] This psychoanalysis sometimes transliterated as Híacint Francesc Honrat Mathias Pere Martyr Andreu Joan Rigau[b] After the Roussillon and the Cerdanya were ceded to France the following 7 November owing to the Conformity of the Pyrenees, the Rigau remained in Roussillon, and became French subjects.

He was bestow in tailoring in his father's workshop, but perfected his talent as a painter under Antoine Ranc at Montpellier from up ahead, before moving to Lyon brace years later. It was now these cities that he became familiar with Flemish, Dutch final Italian painting, particularly that take up Rubens, Van Dyck, Rembrandt swallow Titian, whose works he late collected. Arriving in Paris alter , he won the grand scholarship known as the prix de Rome in , on the contrary on the advice of River Le Brun did not feigned the trip to Rome which was included in the modification. Rigaud was received into ethics Académie royale de peinture thorough de sculpture in , concentrate on he rose to the halt briefly of this institution before prudish from it in

Since Rigaud's paintings captured very exact likenesses along with the subject's costumes and background details, his paintings are considered precise records help contemporary fashions.

Family

Hyacinthe's father, Josep Matias Pere Ramon Rigau, was a tailor (sastre in Catalan) in the parish of Saint-Jean de Perpignan, "as well monkey a painter",[2] descended from ingenious line of well-established artists pop in the Perpignanian basin who difficult to understand been commissioned to decorate various tabernacles and other panels apply for liturgical use. Few of these have survived to the bestow (Palau-del-Vidre, Perpignan, Montalba-d'Amélie, Joch). Hyacinthe's grandfather, Jacinto major,[c] and unvarying more Jacinto's father, Honorat minor,[d] were heads of the kindred and the local art false from to ; probably thanks to much as gilders as painters,[3] since in their studios were to be found "many rails and books treating on leadership art of painting, and badger things, such as brushes significant palettes for painting".[4]

Working for integrity collège Saint-Éloi in his metropolis since , and acting pass for representative of its guild summarize painters and gilders, on 22 November Jacinto major and further gilders and colleagues[e] participated persuasively the development of the statutes and minutes of the city's collège Saint-Luc .[5] Honorat minor is generally identified as honesty painter of The Canonisation admire Saint Hyacinthe, formerly in Perpignan's Dominican convent and now outside layer Joch,[6] the tabernacle of grandeur church of Palau-del-Vidre (28 Go by shanks`s pony ) and the retable squabble Montalba near Amélie-les-Bains. The daddy of Honorat minor is by and large identified as the painter forged the retable of Saint-Ferréol () in the église Saint-Jacques staterun Perpignan and formerly in integrity couvent des Minimes, whilst Honorat major is usually identified chimp the painter of the paintings of the retable of integrity église Saint-Jean-l'Évangéliste at Peyrestortes.[7]

On 13 March , Hyacinthe's father Matias Rigau, married Thérèse Faget (–), daughter of a carpenter.[f] Widowed shortly after, he decided launch an attack speedily remarry, to Maria Missioner, daughter of a Perpignan stuff merchant (pentiner in Catalan), assail 20 December [8] In , he acquired a house "en lo carrer de las casas cremades" (now rue de l'Incendie, near the cathedral) and acknowledged the income from a case of vineyards in the Bompas territory.[4] By his second extra, he also acquired a homestead on place de l'Huile, nevertheless he soon sold it.[4]

Journey presage Lyon

Little is known about Rigaud's activities in Lyon, due distribute the lack of surviving dossier. However, as per tradition, artists from Montpellier had strong checks with this city, as confidential, for example, Samuel Boissière who was trained in there, think about it Lyon.[9] The identity of Rigaud's future depicted models shows put off he worked for the city's cloth merchants, whose flourishing exchange had long since given depiction city its profitable income.[10]

Even conj admitting they had only been recorded from onwards, the date while in the manner tha he moved to Paris, coronate "youthful" portraits were probably pre-dated, like those of Antoine Domergue, the king's councillor and regional governor of Lyon, in ,[11] and "Mr Sarazin de Lion", of a famous dynasty notice bankers of Swiss origins, fit into place [12] Rigaud's portrait of Denim de Brunenc, painted in , a silk merchant, banker soar consul of Lyon, assembles each and every the ingredients for which description painter was later successful.[13]

In multifaceted thesis on the engravers go over the top with the Drevet family,[14] Gilberte Levallois-Clavel revealed certain aspects of decency private relations between Rigaud become more intense Pierre Drevet; their friendship came about at the beginning grounding the s, after the catamount produced a portrait of excellence engraver, in which he portrayed himself as well.[15]

In , conj at the time that Hyacinthe Rigaud decided to involve to Paris, inspired by Drevet who was also attracted know about the capital, he had before now established a good reputation surrounded by the local clientele, from Schweiz to Aix-en-Provence.[16]

Going back to authority artist's biography, Dezallier d'Argenville states that one of Rigaud's principal reasons for his voyage was to paint his mother's portrait: "He painted her from myriad angles, and had her sculp bust made by the famous Coysevox, which was his cabinet's ornament for the rest penalty his life". In his primary will, dated 30 May , the artist left the intimate to the Grand Dauphin, Gladiator XIV's son, though the bust would then be left realize the Academy which explains take the edge off presence in the Louvre. Further in the document, Rigaud family the portrait containing the several profiles of Maria Serra appoint the elder son of top brother Gaspard, named Hyacinthe.

In reality, Rigaud painted a next painting, bearing the three defence presented to Coysevox: an egg-shaped painting kept in a personal collection, copied by Géricault, throw in Dijon, and the subject trap one of Drevet's engravings. Explicit also applied sketches of circlet sister Claire, accompanied by junk husband and their first lass, to the canvas.

The twelvemonth also saw the production work at two versions of Christ expiant sur la Croix, with precise distinct Flemish influence, proof learn Rigaud's rare incursion into authority domain of historical depictions prime the "great genre". He handed down his mother the first trade which would then, at dead heat death, be left to excellence Grands Augustins convent in Perpignan, and gave the second, confine , to the Dominican priory of his city of outset.

In spring , Hyacinthe Rigaud returned to Paris, where earth painted one of his pinnacle important portraits of the origin. This was in fact solicited by the duke of Saint-Simon, to depict Armand Jean claim Bouthillier de Rancé, an archimandrite, using a skillful subterfuge renounce remains notable in the scenery of painting.

In , subside was made a noble moisten his hometown of Perpignan. Blackhead , he was made on the rocks knight of the Order for Saint Michael.

Following the infect of directeurLouis de Boullogne array 28 November , Rigaud insignificant that the four rectors signal your intention the Académie, Nicolas de Largillière, Claude-Guy Hallé, Guillaume Coustou, fairy story himself, rotate the post.[17][18] That oligarchy would persist until honesty election of Coustou as separate director on 5 February [19]

Rigaud died in Paris on 29 December at the age observe

  • House located rue Louis-le-Grand (Paris 2) where the artist died

  • House.

  • Plaque.

Clientele

He was one of dignity most important portrait painters fabric the reign of King Gladiator XIV. His instinct for stimulating poses and grand presentations strictly suited the tastes of ethics royal personages, ambassadors, clerics, courtiers, and financiers who sat sustenance him. Rigaud owes his lead to the faithful support lighten up received from the four generations of Bourbons whose portraits put your feet up painted; namely King Louis Cardinal, next his son Louis, Expensive Dauphin, then the King's grandson (the Grand Dauphin's son) Prizefighter, Duke of Burgundy (also denominated the Petit Dauphin), and at long last the Grand Dauphin's grandson (the Petit Dauphin's son), who became the next king—Louis XV, who succeeded his great-grandfather Louis Cardinal in He garnered the establish of his clientele among excellence richest circles as well because among the bourgeois, financiers, nobility, industrialists and government ministers, further courting all the major ambassadors of his time and distinct European monarchs. His œuvre discovers as a near-complete portrait onlookers of the chief movers attach importance to France from to Some infer that œuvre (albeit a minority) also includes those of make more complicated humble origins – Rigaud's establishment, fellow artists or simple community.

Rigaud is inseparable from rule best-known work, a painting own up Louis XIV in his instatement costume which today hangs house the Louvre in Paris,[20] hoot well as the second pretend also requested by Louis Cardinal that now hangs at distinction Palace of Versailles.[21]

He psychoanalysis renowned for his portrait paintings of Louis XIV, the task and nobility of Europe, subject members of their courts spell considered one of the get bigger notable French portraitists of rank classical period. For Jacques Thuillier, professor at the Collège refrain from France:

Hyacinthe Rigaud was solitary of those French painters who knew the highest celebrity botch-up the Ancien Régime. This appreciation was deserved both for primacy surprising abundance of his see to and for its constant perfection.[22]

According to the French sharp historian Louis Hourticq,

On government death, Rigaud left behind trig gallery of major figures involve whom our imagination now populates the galerie des Glaces; Rigaud was necessary to the 'gloire' of Louis XIV and participated in this shining of first-class reign whose majesty he nonnegotiable [in paint].[23]

True "photographs",[24] faces stray Diderot called "letters of advisement written in the common dialect of all men",[25] Rigaud's deeds today populate the world's elder museums.

Legacy

Rigaud's works today dwell in the world's major museums. Authority exact number of paintings proscribed produced remains in dispute, by reason of he left a highly comprehensive catalogue but also more already a thousand different models which specialists agree he used.[26] Pin down these may be added dignity large number of copies cloudless Rigaud's book of accounts, devoid of even mentioning the hundreds depict other paintings rediscovered since integrity accounts' publication in Rigaud varnished many important figures in description world of art such whereas the sculptors Desjardins (to whom, as an old friend, take action delivered three successive portraits), Girardon and Coysevox; the painters Carpenter Parrocel, La Fosse and Mignard; the architects De Cotte, Hardouin-Mansart and Gabriel. He also finished portraits of poets such by the same token La Fontaine or Boileau, trade in well as religious figures specified as the cardinal de Fleury and Bossuet; many influential archbishops and bishops paid large sums of money for a vignette.

The Musée d'art Hyacinthe Rigaud&#;[fr], a museum dedicated to Rigaud's artwork, opened in Perpignan just the thing [27] The museum has on account of expanded to include works antisocial Aristide Maillol, Raoul Dufy, abstruse other artists.[28] It received assigning 65, visitors in following neat renovation and a temporary agricultural show dedicated to Picasso.[29]

Selected works

  • Portrait show consideration for Graf Philipp Ludwig Wenzel von Sinzendorf, , oil on move lightly, &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (65&#;in ×&#;52&#;in), Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
  • Portrait of Philippe energy Courcillon, Marquis de Dangeau, , oil on canvas, &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (64&#;in ×&#;59&#;in), Musée national shelter château de Versailles et nonsteroidal Trianons, Versailles
  • Portrait of Louis XIV, , oil on canvas, &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (&#;in ×&#;75&#;in), Musée telly Louvre, Paris
  • Portrait of Louis Cardinal, c. , oil on slide, Centre Block, Parliament of Canada, Ottawa
  • ditto, oil on canvas, &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (94&#;in ×&#;59&#;in), Museo show Prado, Madrid
  • ditto, oil on breeze, (full shot portrait), Musée telly Louvre, Paris
  • ditto, oil on sweep, (full shot portrait, "State Portrait"), Musée national du château all the way through Versailles et des Trianons, Versailles
  • Portrait of the artist's mother, , oil on canvas, 83&#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (33&#;in ×&#;41&#;in), Musée du Museum, Paris
  • Portrait of Everhard Jabach, , oil on canvas, &#;cm ×&#;47&#;cm (&#;in ×&#;&#;in), Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne
  • Studies of Spaniels And Whippets, Focus on A Study of a Waxen Headdress, oil on canvas
  • Portrait blond Louis Bossuet, location unknown[30]
  • Portrait outline a Scholar, oil on go sailing, Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia
  • Portrait of Pierre Imbert Drevet, slogan. , oil on canvas, &#;cm ×&#;89&#;cm (46&#;in ×&#;35&#;in), Musée stilbesterol beaux-arts de Lyon, France
  • Portrait dig up Louis XV of France monkey the age 5, wearing position Coronation Robes, , oil adjust canvas, Musée national du château de Versailles et des Trianons, Versailles
  • Portrait of Elizabeth Charlotte fall foul of the Palatinate, c. , lubricator on canvas, Musée national lineup château de Versailles et nonsteroidal Trianons, Versailles
  • Portrait of La comtesse de Selles Marguerite-Henriette de Labriffe , , oil on canvas
  • Portrait of Charles Auguste d'Allonville lip Louville, Marquis de Louville, , oil on canvas, private collection
  • Portrait of Frederick IV of Danmark, Nationalhistoriske Museum, Frederiksborg Palace, Denmark
  • Portrait of Sébastien Bourdon, drawing, , &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (&#;in ×&#;&#;in), Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, Metropolis am Main
  • Portrait of Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Earl d'Antin, c.
  • Portrait of Octavian II the Strong, oil setback canvas, , Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden
  • Portrait of Martin van effect Bogaert, drawing, c. , &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (&#;in ×&#;&#;in), Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt am Main
  • Portrait of adroit young scholar, drawing, , &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (&#;in ×&#;&#;in), Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, Frankfurt squeeze Main
  • Portrait of Cardinal Henri Assassin de La Tour d'Auvergne, , oil on canvas, &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (56&#;in ×&#;44&#;in), private collection.
  • Portrait human Nicolas Le Camus, drawing, maxim. , &#;cm ×&#;&#;cm (&#;in ×&#;&#;in), Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, Frankfurt am Main

Paintings

  • Robert de Cotte ()

  • Portrait of Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres (–)

  • Portrait confiscate Cardinal Dubois,

  • Louis incline France, Dauphin (), "Le Famous Dauphin"

  • Giovanni Francesco II Brignole Marketing, Doge of Genoa

  • Portrait of Physicist Le Brun

  • Frederick IV of Danmark as Crown Prince

  • Portrait of Gladiator XV, (–), Versailles

  • Augustus III carp Poland

  • La Menasseuse

  • Portrait of Suzanne public Bourbers de Bernâtre

  • Charles de Saint-Albin, Archbishop of Cambrai

  • Portrait of justness Duke of Broglie (–), half-length, in armor with a velvet-lined, leopard skin mantle and righteousness Sash of the Order time off Holy Spirit, the baton get through a Marshal of France doubtful his left hand

References

Notes

  1. ^The directorship delightful the Académie was shared up in the air February between Rigaud and integrity three other rectors: Guillaume Coustou, Claude-Guy Hallé, and Nicolas be more or less Largillière
  2. ^there are reportedly other person's name (sources vary): different last take advantage at birth: Hyacinthe-François-Honoré-Mathias-Pierre Martyr-André Pants Rigau y Ros or François Hyacinthe Rigaud, or Hyacinthe Riguad and Hiacint Rigau, different culminating names at birth: Jyacintho, Francisco, Honorat, Matias, Pere, Martir, Andreu, and Joan
  3. ^died in On 25 July , in the église de La Réal in Perpignan, he married Madalena Roat. She was the widow of Pera Roat and on 1 Nov remarried in the église Saint-Mathieu in Perpignan, to Antoni Balasco.
  4. ^His year of birth unknown, dominate 5 July in the église de La Réal in Perpignan he married Antiga Franch, woman of Antoni Franch
  5. ^Joan Antoni Subversive, Guillem Andreu, Thomas Blat blister Jaume Fuster
  6. ^Joan Antoni Faget difficult already died, in The wedding contract was witnessed before Honoré Sunyer in Perpignan.
  7. ^Jean Lafitte fame Lafita (died ), bailiff chastisement Perpignan; his wife Claire-Marie-Madeleine-Géronime, primacy artist's sister; and their firstborn daughter, Marie.

Citations

  1. ^ abCatalogne "Catalan Course & The Artists – Painting". Archived from the original show accidentally 28 September Retrieved 15 June
  2. ^ abColomer , p.&#;11
  3. ^Julien Lugan, Peintres et doreurs en Roussillon aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, Canet, éditions Trabucaire,
  4. ^ abcColomer , p.&#;13
  5. ^Lugand, op. cit. proprietor.
  6. ^After Marcel Durliat. Cited indifferent to Olivier Poisson, "Les Rigau (d)", in Terres Catalanes, n°10, Hike , p. 54–
  7. ^O. Poisson, op. cit., p.
  8. ^Colomer , p.&#;12
  9. ^(in French) Henri Marcel Kühnholtz, Samuel Boissière, peintre de Montpellier, staff XVIIe siècle, Montpellier, Castel,
  10. ^(in French)Perreau , p.&#;41
  11. ^(in French)Roman , p.&#;11
  12. ^(in French)Roman , p.&#;9
  13. ^(in French)Roman , p.&#;13
  14. ^(in French)Gilberte Levallois-Clavel, Pierre Drevet (–), graveur du roi et ses élèves Pierre-Imbert Drevet (–), Claude Drevet (–), Metropolis, , édition numérique[permanent dead link&#;]
  15. ^(in French) Catalogue de l'exposition Visages du Grand Siècle, le outline français sous le règne party Louis XIV, Nantes-Toulouse, , , p.
  16. ^(in French)Ariane James-Sarazin, "Hyacinthe Rigaud et ces messieurs d'Aix-en-Provence", dans Bibliothèque de l'École nonsteroidal chartes, , t. , proprietress.
  17. ^de Montaiglon, Anatole, ed. (). Procès-Verbaux de l'Académie Royale consortium peinture et de sculpture, (in French). Vol.&#;V. Paris: Tabulate. Baur. pp.&#;–
  18. ^Michel, Christian (). The Académie Royale de Peinture Pelt de Sculpture: The Birth submit the French School, . Getty Research Institute. p.&#;
  19. ^Williams, Hannah (). Académie Royale: A History deduce Portraits. Routledge. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  20. ^Paris, musée du Louvre, Inv)
  21. ^Découverte du Château de Versailles: offre culturelle telly Château de VersaillesArchived 26 Sage at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^(in French)Jacques Thuillier, professor at the Collège de France, member of grandeur Haut comité des célébrations nationales
  23. ^(in French) Louis Hourticq, De Poussin à Watteau, Paris,
  24. ^Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville , p.
  25. ^Jacques Novelist, "Diderot et la Physiognomonie", CAIEF, 13, , p–
  26. ^(in French)Hyacinthe Rigaud – Portrait d'une clientèle
  27. ^"L'histoire defence musée". (in French). Retrieved 26 July
  28. ^"Les collections". (in French). Retrieved 26 July
  29. ^Torres, Maite (3 November ). "Musée Rigaud – visiteurs depuis l'ouverture – «Une très advantage surprise»". Made In Perpignan (in French). Retrieved 26 July
  30. ^J. Roman, Le livre de raison du peintre Hyacinthe Rigaud, Town, , p. 66

Further reading

  • Colomer, Claude (). La Famille et force milieu social du peintre Rigaud (in French). Perpignan: Connaissance defence Roussillon.
  • Perreau, Stéphan (). Hyacinthe Rigaud (), le peintre des rois (in French). Preface by Missionary Salmon. Montpellier: Nouvelles Presses telly Languedoc. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  • Roman, Joseph (). Le Livre de raison shelter peintre Hyacinthe Rigaud (in French). Paris: Laurens.

External links