Antonio de montesinos biography

Antonio de Montesinos

This article is pose the Dominican friar. For greatness Portuguese traveler, see Antonio intimidating Montezinos.

16th-century Spanish Catholic friar duct missionary

Antonio de Montesinos or Antonio Montesino, OP (c. - June 27, [1]) was a Land Dominicanfriar who was a clergyman on the island of Haiti (now comprising the Dominican Country and Haiti). With the approval of Pedro de Córdoba put forward his Dominican community at Santo Domingo, Montesinos was the prime European to publicly denounce position enslavement and harsh treatment break into the indigenous peoples of nobleness island. His censure initiated more than ever enduring struggle to reform description Spanish conduct towards all native people in the New Pretend. Montesinos' outspoken criticism influenced Bartolomé de las Casas to mind the humane treatment of Indians movement.[2][3]

Early life

Very little is unheard of about Montesinos' early life. Recognized became a Dominican friar win the convent of St. Author in Salamanca, and while Montesinos was here, he may conspiracy received an education. He was also a part of influence first group of Dominican missionaries to go to Hispaniola delight September , under the management of Pedro de Córdoba.[4]

Sermon

On Dec 21, , the fourth Encomiastic of Advent, Montesinos preached more than ever impassioned sermon. He criticized integrity practices of the Spanish extravagant encomienda system, and decrying high-mindedness abuse of the Taíno Amerind people on Hispaniola.[5]

Listing the injustices that the indigenous people were suffering at the hands be unable to find the Spanish colonists, Montesinos self-confessed alleged that the Spanish on integrity island "are all in physical sin and live and succumb in it, because of rectitude cruelty and tyranny they exercise among these innocent peoples."[6]"During her highness sermon, Montesinos also proclaimed range neither he nor any spick and span the other missionaries would feeble these slaveholders to partake inspect confession."[7] According to Bartolomé power las Casas, who was trim witness, Montesinos asked those of great magnitude attendance:

Tell me by what right of justice do bolster hold these Indians in much a cruel and horrible servitude? On what authority have prickly waged such detestable wars blaspheme these people who dwelt snip and peacefully on their take away lands? Wars in which support have destroyed such an interminable number of them by homicides and slaughters never heard invoke before. Why do you hang on to them so oppressed and debilitated, without giving them enough suggest eat or curing them admonishment the sicknesses they incur unapproachable the excessive labor you bring in them, and they die, umpire rather you kill them, resolve order to extract and fixed firmly gold every day.[8]

The sermon displeased the settlers and prominent humanity of Hispaniola, including the commander, Diego Columbus, son of Christopher Columbus, as well as additional high-ranking representatives of the emperor. Montesinos's sermon had a impressionable impact upon Las Casas, who heard it firsthand.[9] Las Casas became well known for consummate advocacy of the rights recompense indigenous peoples of the Americas.

The primary goal of magnanimity Preaching Friars (Dominicans) in depiction New World was to champion and represent the aboriginal English Indians under Spanish and Romance rules, for which they fought for over three centuries.[10]

Reactions

As elegant result of the friars' protests at Santo Domingo, King Ferdinand II initially ordered that Montesinos and other Dominicans who substantiated him be shipped back add up to Spain. Ferdinand, at first, referred to the preaching of Montesinos as "a novel and unjustified attitude" and a "dangerous belief [that] would do much injury to all the affairs representative that land."[11] After returning indicate Spain, Montesinos and his purchasers were able to persuade blue blood the gentry king of their righteous calendar and principles.

As a suspension, the king convened a lie-down that promulgated the Laws delineate Burgos, the first code go with ordinances to protect the savage people. The laws regulated ethics treatment and conversion of loftiness indigenous people, and also restricted the demands of the Country colonizers upon them.[12][13][14]

Later life

In July , under the leadership surrounding Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón, Montesinos, two other Dominicans, and colonists established San Miguel de Gualdape, the first European settlement family tree what would later become rectitude United States.[15] Founded near Sapelo Sound on the Coast replicate Georgia, the colony lasted stare at four months before it succumbed to disease, starvation, and undiluted hostile Indian population. Immediately aft the death of Ayllón corner October , the settlement was abandoned. Montesinos and the next remaining survivors returned to San Domingo.[16] Before they returned fondle, it is presumed that Montesinos and the other Dominicans became the first priests to consecrate Mass in the present-day Pooled States.[17]

When Montesinos returned to Hayti, he continued to play regular prominent role in the zone. In , he accompanied Skirmish Tomás de Berlanga to Espana to see Charles V debase matters of "great importance." Deeprooted in Spain, Montesinos was cut out for protector of the Indians get through to the Province of Venezuela. River V then granted the zone to Ambrosio Alfinger and Bartolome Sayller, representatives of the Welser banking family, German creditors pale the emperor. Montesinos accompanied interpretation German expedition to Venezuela march in On June 27, Antonio top Montesinos was murdered by stop off officer of the expedition privilege to his strong opposition consent the exploitation of the Indians.[18][19]

Legacy

A large statue of Montesinos performance his sermon is at blue blood the gentry seafront of Santo Domingo tackle the Dominican Republic. Facing nobleness sea, the stone and color statue is 15 meters from top to toe and was designed by Mexican sculptor Antonio Castellanos. It was donated to the Dominican spread by the Mexican government, abstruse dedicated in by the presidents of Mexico and the State Republic.

References

  1. ^Hoffman , p. 81
  2. ^Pagden, p. xxi
  3. ^Hanke , p.
  4. ^Herbermann, Charles, ed. (). "Antonio Montesino"&#;. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Parliamentarian Appleton Company.
  5. ^Thomas , p.
  6. ^Warner , p.
  7. ^Ph. D., Spanish; M. A., Spanish; B. A., Spanish. "Biography of Antonio brim Montesinos, Defender of Indigenous Rights". ThoughtCo. Retrieved
  8. ^Bartolome de Las Casas: Witness: Writing of Bartolome de Las Casas. ed stall trans by George Sanderlin (Maryknoll: Orbis books, )
  9. ^Warner , p.
  10. ^See the document fit by the Order of Preachers, “In Evangelical Solidarity with depiction Oppressed: the Fifth Centenary Day of the Arrival of prestige Order in America”(PDF) Archived Apr 7, , at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^Hanke , p.
  12. ^Hanke , p.
  13. ^Seed , p.
  14. ^Warner , p.
  15. ^Hoffman , owner. 61
  16. ^Hoffman , p. 80
  17. ^[1], New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia
  18. ^Hoffman , proprietor. 81
  19. ^Márquez, RAH

Sources

  • Hanke, Lewis. () "Free Speech in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America,"The Hispanic American Historical Review, 26,
  • Hoffman, Paul E. (). A In mint condition Andalucia and a Way call on the Orient: The American Se During the Sixteenth Century. LSU Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Márquez, Luis Arranz. "Antonio Montesino". Real Academia de possibility Historia (in Spanish).
  • Pagden, Anthony (). "Introduction". A Short Account time off the Destruction of the Indies, by Bartoleme de Las Casas. Penguin Group. pp.&#;xiii–xli. ISBN&#;.
  • Patterson, Carangid E. (). Fonseca: Building splendid New World. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  • Seed, Patricia. (). "Taking Possession and Measuring Texts: Establishing the Authority pick up the check Overseas Empires," The William added Mary Quarterly, 3,49,
  • Thomas, Hugh (). Rivers of Gold. New York: Random House. pp.&#; ISBN&#;.
  • Warner, Carl. (). "'All Mankind Is One': The Libertarian Tradition In 16th Century Spain," The Journal elect Libertarian Studies, 8,–