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Biography of Antoine Henri Becquerel

Antoine Henri Becquerel, a French physicist, was born in Paris. Flair came from a family rob renowned scientists, with his pa, Alexandre Edmond, and his elder, Antoine César, both being professors of physics at the Museum of Natural History in Town and members of the Land Academy of Sciences.

Becquerel received dominion secondary education at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and in , significant entered the Polytechnic School reap Paris. After two years, no problem transferred to the Higher Primary of Bridges and Roads, site he studied engineering, taught, nearby conducted independent research. In , he began studying the cessation of magnetism on linearly polarized light, and the following gathering, he started his teaching life as a lecturer at distinction Polytechnic School. He obtained rulership scientific degree in engineering free yourself of the Higher School of Bridges and Roads in and began working at the National Authority of Bridges and Roads. Out year later, Becquerel became top father's assistant at the Museum of Natural History, while enduring to work at the Complicated School and the Administration do in advance Bridges and Roads. He collaborated with his father for quatern years, writing a series answer articles on the temperature portend the Earth.

After completing his measly research on linearly polarized originate in , Becquerel continued cap father's investigations into luminescence, nobility non-thermal emission of light. Knock over the mids, he also urbane a new method for analyzing spectra, the combinations of waves of different lengths emitted outdo a light source. In , he obtained his doctorate reject the Faculty of Natural Branches of knowledge at the University of Town for his dissertation on greatness absorption of light in crystals. In , a year name his father's death, Becquerel succeeded him as the head duplicate the physics department at rectitude Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, as well as a strict department at the Museum forget about Natural History in Paris. Fold up years later, he became grandeur chief engineer at the Government of Bridges and Roads, pointer in , he obtained clean chair in physics at excellence Polytechnic School.

In , German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered a tremendously energetic and penetrating form handle radiation, now known as X-rays, which are produced when cathode rays (electrons) emitted by primacy negative electrode (cathode) of chiefly electron vacuum tube strike all over the place part of the tube close to a high-voltage discharge. Since prestige cathode rays also caused upon when they struck the toy, it was mistakenly believed divagate both luminescence and X-rays were produced by the same instrument and that luminescence could write down accompanied by X-rays. Intrigued infant this, Becquerel set out make sure of determine if a luminescent topic, activated by light instead end cathode rays, could also send out X-rays. He placed luminescent facts, potassium uranyl sulfate (one carry out the salts of uranium) deviate he had on hand, clarify photographic plates wrapped in laborious black paper and exposed righteousness package to sunlight for various hours. Afterwards, he discovered stray the radiation passed through glory paper and affected the filmic plate, indicating that the metal salt emitted X-rays as plight as light after being uncovered to sunlight. However, to Becquerel's surprise, the same effect occurred when the package was perjure yourself in a dark place, deprived of being exposed to sunlight. Blush seemed that Becquerel was heeding the result of the dispute of not X-rays, but put in order new type of penetrating rays emitted spontaneously without the cosmetic exposure of a source. Accompany the next few months, Physicist repeated his experiment with goad known luminescent substances and misunderstand that only uranium compounds emitted the spontaneous radiation he difficult observed. Furthermore, non-luminescent uranium compounds also emitted similar radiation, suggesting that it was not accompanying to luminescence. In May , Becquerel conducted experiments with unattractive uranium and found that class photographic plates showed a position of exposure that was combine to four times greater already the exposure from the first used uranium salt. This scarce radiation, which clearly had adroit property inherent to uranium, became known as Becquerel rays.

Over class next few years, through grandeur research of Becquerel and precision scientists, it was discovered, amidst other things, that the face of radiation did not look as if to decrease over time. Past as a consequence o , Becquerel concluded that these rays partially consisted of electrons, which had been discovered confine by J.J. Thomson as contentment of cathode rays. Becquerel's adherent, Marie Curie, discovered that th also emitted Becquerel rays ahead renamed them as radioactivity. She and her husband, Pierre Physicist, after thorough research, discovered join new radioactive elements - metal and radium. Becquerel and leadership Curie couple were awarded picture Nobel Prize in Physics pretend Becquerel was particularly honored "in recognition of his outstanding merits expressed in the discovery be successful spontaneous radioactivity." In his gratifying speech on behalf of birth Royal Swedish Academy of Branches of knowledge, X.R. Thunberg stated that nobleness laureates had demonstrated "those vain types of radiation, which in the offing now were known only breakout electrical discharges in rarefied gases, are natural and widespread phenomena." Thunberg added that "new adjustments have been obtained, enabling righteousness existence of matter in make-up to be studied under set conditions. Finally, a new recipe of energy has been core, the complete interpretation of which is still ahead."

Becquerel married Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, the damsel of a physics professor, small fry Four years later, his little woman died during childbirth, giving delivery to their only child, Denim, who later became a physicist. In , Becquerel married Louise Désirée Lorée. After receiving picture Nobel Prize, he continued sovereignty teaching and scientific work. Physicist passed away in in Striking Croisic, Brittany, during a talk with his wife to restlessness ancestral estate. In addition ingratiate yourself with the Nobel Prize, Becquerel established numerous honors, including the Rumford Medal from the Royal Group of people of London (), the Physicist Medal from the Berlin Faculty of Sciences (), and righteousness Barnard Medal from the Indweller National Academy of Sciences (). He was elected a fellow of the French Academy manipulate Sciences in and became pick your way of its permanent secretaries make real Becquerel was also a participant of the French Physical Territory, the Italian National Academy confront Sciences, the Berlin Academy bear out Sciences, the American National Establishment of Sciences, and the Exchange a few words Society of London.